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August 16, 2011
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June 27, 2011
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[Editorial queries for this story should be sent to] SECURITY: MondayAnthropogenic increases in global atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO.sub.2]) concentration have been shown to stimulate earlier and greater production of allergenic pollen (LaDeau and Clark 2006; Rogers et al. 2006; Ziska et al. 2003), as have warming temperatures (Wan et al. 2002; Yli-Panula et al. 2009). Puppy Training The effects of Puppy Training anthropogenic climate change on the production of airborne fungal spores are not as well documented, but the implications for allergic disease are no less important. As with pollen, exposure to fungal spores is associated with allergy and asthma symptoms [Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2000, 2004; Salo et al. 2006 ], although the specifics of the relationship are not completely understood (Portnoy et al. 2008). Among patients with asthma from six regions of the world, 11.9%, on average, were sensitized to Alternaria alternata, with the proportion as high as 28.2 % in Portland, Oregon; in addition, sensitivity to A. panic anxiety alternata panic anxiety was more prevalent among patients with more severe asthma (Zureik et al. 2002). Allergenic fungal spores may be increasingly abundant in some areas of the panic anxiety globe as well. In Derby, United Kingdom, mean seasonal airborne spore concentrations of the genus Alternaria have increased over the years 1970-1998, as have the number of days with spore counts <50 per cubic meter of air, and the start of the Alternaria spore season panic anxiety has advanced from the panic anxiety end to panic anxiety the beginning of June (Corden and Millington 2001).
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July 26, 2011
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Many parents attended to witness their children receive their awards and music was provided by the GCSE choir, with Charlotte Hogan, Hannah O rien and Megan Rumsey performing solos.All names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective ownersASHBURTON VENTURES INC. (TSX electronic electronic cigarette cigarette VENTURE: ABR) (FRANKFURT: ARB) electronic cigarette (“Ashburton” or the “Company”) announces further results from samples taken along the Upper Vein area of ??its Deep Creek Project (see PR dated October 5, 2010) located 112 kilometres north electronic cigarette of Elko, Whether advocating for a proposed multi-use trailw.html, Nevada. The latest bulk grab samples on electronic cigarette the Upper Vein have produced results of up to 1,180 g / t gold electronic cigarette as seen in the table below . In addition to samples taken along the main vein, a 1.5 m channel sample of the McCoy Creek Group of country rock perpendicular to the Upper Vein returned a value of 10.8 g / t gold.
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August 2, 2011
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“G5 and the other 2010 Technology Fast 500 winners forged ahead in a challenging economic environment to realize exceptional growth, “said Phil Asmundson, vice chairman and Deloitte US technology, media and telecommunications leader.” Deloitte commends G5 for this impressive accomplishment. “NORDIC BUSINESS REPORT -October 28, 2010 – Finnish Kemira Q3 2010 net profit grows to EUR 34.5m (C) 2010 M2 COMMUNICATIONSPre-configured to precise application-specific requirements in an industry standard 7mm by 5mm package, these oscillators are now available for purchase on Digi -Key global websites and will be featured in future print and online catalogs.CompanionLink Software is a pioneering developer of data synchronization solutions electronic cigarette for mobile phones and CRM software and services. They are also a leading OEM synchronization and solutions provider for companies like Sage Software?, NVIDIA?, Google?, Commence? Corporation, and Royal Consumer Electronic Products?. For over 15 years, CompanionLink has helped mobilize information across multiple devices, computers, applications, and web-based services. For more information, please visit .
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– A new 18.1 million tonne measured indicated and 3.2 million tonne inferred resource estimate Vibram Five Fingers was announced by joint venture partner HudBay Minerals Inc .– First deep hole at the Project hits two new massive sulfide intercepts including 6.02 meters of 8.14 grams / ton (g / t) gold, 312.2 g / t silver and 8% zinc, and a deeper zone of 69.7 meters of 1.1 g / t gold, 27 g / t silver, 0.41% copper and 1.3% zinc, which included 6.23 meters of 6.39 g / t gold and 94.17 g / t silver – Aquila entered into a new strategic Exploration Alliance Agreement with HudBay targeting new base metal projects (excluding gold) to be funded by HudBay. Aquila will have a call on a US $ 2 million private placement from HudBay as a part of the agreement.Resource Update Vibram Five Fingers HudBay today released an updated National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101″) resource estimate for the Back Forty Project in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The updated resource results in 18.1 million tonnes of measured and indicated mineral resources and 3.2 million tonnes of inferred resource with 948,650 ounces of contained gold in the measured indicated category.LA Times Endorsements Ignore Judicial CrimesAUSTIN, Texas – Fitch Ratings has published a report on Andrews County (TX) (taxable) permanent improvement bonds.later, we found the ship had been the subject of complaints about sickness since save marriage the previous October. When we complained, we were offered a measly [pounds sterling] 100 off the next cruise with Fred Olsen. They must be joking.
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BigPipe is a redesign of the basic dynamic web service system. General idea is to break down pages into small pieces called Pagelets, then through the Web server and browser set up and manage their pipeline at different stages of the run. This is similar to most modern microprocessors during the execution of the pipeline: command pipeline through different multi-processor execution units to achieve the best performance. Although BigPipe is the basis of the existing service network re-design process, but it does not require changes to existing web browsers or servers, it is entirely in PHP and JavaScript.
motivation
In order to better understand BigPipe, we need to look at the existing dynamic Web services system, its history can be traced back to the early stages of the World Wide Web, but now with the initial phase it has not changed much over. Modern websites are far higher than 10 years ago with the dynamic effects and interactions, but has long been a traditional web service system can not keep up with today internet speed. In the traditional model, the user request life cycle is as follows:
1. Browser sends an HTTP request to the Web server.
2. Web server parses the request, then reads the data storage layer, the development of an HTML file, and use it to send an HTTP response to the client.
3. HTTP response sent to the browser via the Internet.
4.
browser parses the Web server response, the use of HTML files to build a DOM tree, and download the referenced CSS and JavaScript files.
5. CSS resources to download, the browser resolve them and apply them to the DOM tree.
6. JavaScript resources to download, the browser parse and execute them.
traditional model of efficiency in the modern site is very low, because a lot of system operation sequence, can not overlap. Some, such as delay loading JavaScript, parallel downloads, network optimization techniques have been widely used in the community, in order to overcome some limitations. However, these optimizations are rarely involved in the Web server and browser bottleneck caused by the execution order. When the Web server is busy generating a page, the browser is idle, wasting their idle cycles. When the Web server, complete the build page and sent to the browser, the browser has become the performance bottleneck and the Web server to its no help. Time overlapping generation Web server and browser rendering time, we can not only reduce the final time delay, but also can show the user visible region earlier pages to the user, thus greatly reducing the user perceived latency.
Web server and browser have time to render the time overlap is particularly useful, such as content-rich sites like Facebook. A typical Facebook page contains information on many different data sources: friends list, friends dynamic advertising. Web presence in the traditional mode of these queries users will have to wait to go back and generate the final data file, and then send it to the user computer. Query delay any final document will slow down the entire generation.
BigPipe work
how to take advantage of the Web server and browser parallelism between, BigPipe first broken down into multiple pages can be called Pagelets. As the assembly line microprocessor into a life-cycle instructions (such as “fetch”, “instruction decode”, “enforcement” and “write-back register”, etc.) more than one stage, BigPipe page generation process is divided into the following phases :
1. request resolution: Web server analysis and integrity checking of the HTTP request.
2. Data acquisition: Web server to get data from the storage layer.
3. tokenizer: Web server generates the response HTML tags.
4. network: response from the Web server to the browser.
5. CSS Download: Download web browser CSS requirements.
6. DOM tree and CSS: The browser DOM document structure tree, and then apply its CSS rules.
7. JavaScript in Download: Download web browser in JavaScript reference resources.
8. JavaScript implementation: the web browser to execute JavaScript code.
the first three phases, from a Web server, the last four stages are executed by the browser. Each Pagelet must order all of these stages, but BigPipe in different phases of several Pagelets simultaneously.
in BigPipe, the life cycle of a user request is this: in the browser sends an HTTP request to the Web server. HTTP request is received, and some in the above comprehensive examination, the web server immediately sends back an HTML file is not closed, including a HTML
tags and labels began to label. Label includes BigPipe JavaScript library to parse Pagelet replies received. The label, there is a template that specifies the logical structure of the page and Pagelets placeholder.
the client receives Pagelet by “onPageletArrive” directives issued, BigPipe JavaScript library will be the first to download it the CSS resources; CSS resources are in the download is complete, BigPipe HTML tags will be displayed in Pagelet its innerHTML . The CSS can be multiple Pagelets download at the same time, they can download their CSS display to confirm the completion of the order. In BigPipe, JavaScript is lower than the priority of CSS resources and page content. Therefore, BigPipe will not be displayed until all Pagelets download any Pagelet in JavaScript. Then, all Pagelets the JavaScript asynchronous download. Finally Pagelet the JavaScript initialization code downloaded according to its own situation to determine the execution order.
this highly parallel system the end result is that many Pageletsr the different stages of implementation at the same time. For example, the browser can be downloaded are three Pagelets
CSS resources, while another Pagelet content has been shown, at the same time, the server also generates a new Pagelet. From the user point of view, the page is presented step by step. The beginning of the display of web content will be faster, which reduces the delay of the user perception of the page. If you want your eyes to see the difference, you can try the following links:
traditional model and BigPipe. The first link is the traditional mode of single-mode display page. The second link is BigPipe pipeline mode page. If your browser version older, very slow speed, poor browser cache, which increases between what two different cut-off time will be more apparent. Performance test results
The following figure is the traditional model and BigPipe performance data comparison chart, the data is 75% of the users of a page, the most important content (such as: News is considered the most important page on Facebook content) of the perceived delay. Data collection method is to load the Facebook page 50 times and disabling the browser cache. The figure shows BigPipe most browsers allow users to feel the delay was reduced by half.
April 26, 2011
imagine such a scene, a frequently visited site, each time you open the page it should take 6 seconds; while the other site offers a similar service, but the response takes only 3 seconds, then how would you choose? Data indicate that if a user opens a Web site, wait 3 to 4 seconds still no response, they will become irritable, anxious, complaining, or even shut down and no longer access the web, this is a very bad situation. Therefore, the page loading speed is very important, especially for a worldwide 500 million users of Facebook (the world largest social networking service website) for such a large site, with a large number of concurrent requests, mass data and other objective circumstances, the speed must become One of the challenges overcome.
2010 beginning of the year, Facebook team began a front-end performance optimization of their project, after a six-month effort, the success of the personal space from the main page takes 5 seconds to load Now reduced to 2.5 seconds. This is a very great achievement, but also to bring a good user experience. In the optimization project, the engineers proposed a new page is loaded technology, called Bigpipe. Taobao and Facebook is currently facing very similar problems: mass data and page too large, if the details page, list page using bigpipe, or webx integrated bigpipe, will bring significant improve page loading speed. 2.1 The importance of web front-end optimization
“high-performance Website Guide” a book that only 10% to 20% of end-user response time is spent in an HTML document from a Web server to obtain and send to browser. If you want to be able to effectively reduce the response time of the page, you must pay attention to the remaining 80% to 90% of end-user experience. For comparison, if the business logic of the background to optimize efficiency by 50%, but only the final page response time reduced by 5% to 10%, because of its low proportion. If the front-end performance optimization, efficiency 50%, then the final page response time will be reduced by 40% to 45%. This is such a significant figure! In addition, generally higher than the front-end performance optimization to optimize the business logic easier. Therefore, the front-end optimization into a small, quick, high cost, need to invest more attention.
2.2 BigPipe and AJAX
Web2.0 important feature is the page shows a lot of dynamic content, that is, focusing on web web2.0 interaction with the user. Its core technology is AJAX, all major sites are now more or less use AJAX. Similar with AJAX, BigPipe realized the concept of sub-pieces so that the page can step out, that part of each output page content. Then discuss the difference between BigPipe with AJAX.
Simply put, BigPipe has three advantages over AJAX:
1. AJAX is the core of XMLHttpRequest, the client needs to send asynchronous requests to the server, and then sent over Add dynamic content to a website. This implementation has some shortcomings, the request is sent to and from the time-consuming, and BigPipe technology does not need to send the browser XMLHttpRequest request, thus saving time loss.
2. using AJAX, the browser and server work order. The server must wait for the browser request, this will cause the server is idle. Work browser, the server is waiting, and the server work, the browser is waiting for, this is a waste of performance. Use BigPipe, browser and server can work in parallel at the same time, the server need not wait for the browser request, but has been in session the contents of the page is loaded, which will be greatly improved efficiency.
3. to reduce the browser sends the request. 500 million users on a site, reducing the use of AJAX to bring additional request will reduce the load on the server, it will also bring great performance.
Based on the above three points, Facebook used during a BigPipe page optimization techniques. Taobao is currently the main search results page, to load categories, related searches, baby list, advertising, etc., using the php curl the front where the batch concurrent access to the engine to get the data, and the step output. This pattern is somewhat different with bigpipe, this will be mentioned later. In general, the larger the page, and more complex style sheets and scripts are more cases, the use BigPipe to optimize the output page is more appropriate. Another very important point, BigPipe browser does not change the structure of the network protocol, can be achieved using only JS, users do not need to do any settings, you will see significant access time. The next discussion of existing bottlenecks. The face of increasing the page, particularly a large number of css files and js files to load, the traditional page load is difficult to meet this demand model, the direct result of slow page loads, it is definitely not want to see. Current technology, the user page requests made after the complete page load process is as follows:
1. Users access the page, the browser sends an HTTP request to a network server
2 server parses the request, and then to data from the storage layer, and then generate a html file contents, and put it in a HTTP Response sent to the client
3. HTTP response in the network transmission
4. The browser parses the Response, to create a DOM tree, and then download the required CSS and JS files
5. downloaded the CSS file, the browser resolves They also applied to the corresponding content
6. JS downloaded, the browser parse and execute them
Figure 1.
complete the process shown in Figure 1 the left side of the figure indicates that the server, right side of the browser. Browser sends a request first, then the server to find the data, generate page, return html code, and finally the browser to render the page. This model has a very obvious flaw: the operation of the process has a strict order, if not executed before the end of an operation, back operations can not perform that operation can not overlap between. This will result in performance bottlenecks: the content server to generate a page, the browser is idle, the display blank content; loaded when the browser renders the page content, the server is idle, a waste of time and the resulting performance .
Figure 2.
consider Figure 2, the existing service model, the horizontal axis represents the time spent. Yellow pages in the content server to generate the time, White said the network transmission time, the blue pages in the browser rendering time. It can be seen, the existing pattern caused great waste of time. Consider the case of Figure 3, in green indicates that the server be picked up from a spring reservoir data takes time, huge amounts of data, when executing a query time-consuming (as seen below right), the server on the block where the No other operations, and the browser is not any feedback. This will result in a very unfriendly user experience, users do not know what has caused them to wait a long time.
Figure 3.
to face these problems, we look BigPipe solution. BigPipe block proposed the concept that, according to the page content in different locations, the entire page is divided into different pieces called pagelet. The designers of the technology is to study the electronic circuit Changhao Jiang PhD, may have been inspired from the microcomputer, many pagelet will load the same assembly line as the different stages in the browser and executed on the server, so do the browser and the server parallel to achieve the overlapping run-time server and browser client runtime purposes. Use BigPipe not only save time, reduce the time to load, but also with the pagelet step by step through the output, so that part of the output page content faster to get a better user experience. BigPipe, the user page requests made after the complete page load process is as follows:
1. Request parsing: parsing the server and check http request
2. Datafetching: server get data from the storage layer
3. Markup generation: the server generates html tags
4. Network transport: network response
5. CSS downloading : The browser download CSS
6. DOM tree construction and CSS styling: the browser to generate the DOM tree, and use CSS
7. JavaScript downloading: reference browser download page JS file
8. JavaScript execution: the browser page JS code execution
the eight above mentioned process is almost no difference between the existing model, but the entire process pagelet is a complete process, and several different operating stages pagelet can be performed as the same assembly line.
Figure 4
Figure 4, we can see BigPipe the original model improvements. Browser sends a request to access, then the browser returns a different step pagelet content, the specific implementation will be described later. Consider Figure 5, the improvement, BigPipe break the original sequence, the page is divided into different pagelet, so a to, the execution time of all the pagelet still add up to the original time. However, the superposition of different pagelet through different stages of execution time, bringing the total running time greatly reduced, and this is Bigpipe reduce page load time secret.
FaceBook page is divided into many different pagelets, as shown in Figure:
Figure 5
5 BigPipe implementation principle
understand BigPipe the core idea, we discuss the implementation of its principles. When the browser to access the server, the server accepts the request and inspect them. If the request is valid, the server side without any query, but immediately return a http request to the browser, the content is a html code and including html
part of the tag label. labels including BigPipe js file and css files, js files to resolve this back to receive http response, because the contents are transmitted back js script. Tag is not closed, is to show the page logical structure and pagelet template placeholders, such as:
< br />
The template uses css-div describes the structure of the page, different div tags corresponding to different pagelet, id corresponding to the pagelet name. This response will be returned to the browser, the server began to query the contents of each pagelet, load, generation. When a pagelet to generate good content, immediately call flush () function, it returns to the client, json format data is transmitted, including the need for this pagelet CSS and JS, and html content, and some metadata. For example:
big_pipe.onPageletArrive (
{id: “pagelet_composer”,
content: ““, < br />
css :”[..]“,
js :”[..]“,
…}
);
which “content” means that the pagelet content, is the html source, special characters such as “” / need to be escaped; “id” that content should appear, pagelet is the id of the corresponding label; “css” resource that will need to download the CSS path; “js” expressed the need to download the JS script path. In order to avoid file path is too long, so in front of the need for css and js file path to conversion, converted to 5-bit string: different pagelet may load with a css or js file, so to avoid duplication download.
Although each pagelet has to load the js file, but all the js files are loaded last, so that will help speed up page loading. Client, when the call to “onPageletArrive (json)” function, the first impact of the transfer function of the JS script json parsing the incoming data, then download the required CSS, and then display the html content of DIV tags to position response . Several pagelets can download the CSS file, CSS download is complete before the pagelet display.
in BigPipe in, js given CSS and content than the lower priority. Thus, only when all the pagelets have shown, BigPipe began to download the JS file. All JS files download is complete, Pagelets the JS initialization code starts to execute, follow the download time to complete the order. In this highly parallel systems, several of the pagelet to be performed at different stages can be executed simultaneously. For example, the browser can be downloaded to the two pagelets CSS resources, the browser can render another pagelet content, while still in for another pagelet server generated html source code. From the user point of view, gradually rendering the page. The initial page display faster, users can effectively shorten the perceived delay.
6 BigPipe achieve Discussion
6.1 server-side parallel
Ideally, the server-side implementation is parallel processing of different pagelet content This can improve performance. Multiple concurrent processing server pagelet content, generate a pagelet content is good, and it immediately flush to the browser. But PHP does not support threads, so the server can not use multiple threads to concurrently load the concept of multiple pagelet content. For small sites, the use of serial has been loaded pagelet content can optimize the request. For large sites, in order to achieve faster, concurrent server can choose to separate different pagelet content, the concrete realization of the following ways:
1.java multi-threaded. Back-end logic to use java, you can use java multi-threading mechanism to simultaneously load different pagelet content, plus page after loading the content back to the browser. In the final part you can see online reference using java multi-threading example.
2. with PHP,. PHP does not support threads, can not be used as java concurrent multi-threaded mechanism to deal with different pagelet content. However, Facebook and the main search Taobao business logic is implemented in PHP, so we must consider how to complete the concurrent processing in PHP. There curl PHP extension module, the module can curl_multi_fetch () function for batch processing request, the request should have been a serial execution of concurrent access. Can be written:
original address: From the web to talk about microblogging revision reconstruction – bigpipe of the page to build optimized
question in mind: to engage the students may know that the Internet a number – 4 seconds, studies have shown that if a site does not in 4 seconds to load complete, the user will feel anxious unhappy
fast, and leave the site (data from performance testing website http://gtmetrix.com/). Website content, SEO optimization, user experience? Which is more important? Front speed,
perhaps more of these are relatively minor. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of web pages, is our new micro-blog first goal. On the four aspects to our new microblogging optimization.
one, HTTP requests the balance
1, Why should we care http request?
When a browser makes a request to the Web server, the server passes it to a data block, that is, request information. User opens a page in the newly born, including waiting time, request time, the establishment of response time, rendering time …
dye are consumed in front. For example download pictures, download style sheets, JavaScript scripts, flash and other files. We should have experienced that “multi-map to kill the cat” era, as a web page to load
will spend a lot of time. Reduce the number of requests for files of these resources will improve the efficiency of the focus page is displayed.
assume that the user home network speed is 10Mbps, 10Mbps = 10 / 8 = 1.25MB / s, then he opened a web page, if the page file is less than 1.25MB, in theory, he can in a second
within the open page. Speed ??of the download page on the display speed of a large proportion, so the page itself, the smaller the size, the faster browsing. This requires products, interactive design, as concise as possible from the very beginning to follow the principle.
Now, it opened a new microblogging veil and see the new version 3.0 and microblogging microblogging difference it.
original address: http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=389414033919
President Address: http://isd.tencent.com/?p=2419 < br /> Author: Jiang Changhao
Facebook site speed as one of the most critical business tasks. In 2009, we successfully achieved the Facebook Web site, doubling the speed
. Our team of engineers and it is a few key innovations make it possible. In this article, I l show you one of our secret weapon, which we call BigPipe great underlying technology.
BigPipe is a redesign of the basic dynamic web service system. General idea is to break down pages into small pieces called Pagelets, then through the Web server and browser set up and manage their pipeline at different stages of the run. This is similar to most modern microprocessors during the execution of the pipeline: command pipeline through different multi-processor execution units to achieve the best performance. Although BigPipe is the basis of the existing service network re-design process, but it does not require changes to existing web browsers or servers, it is entirely in PHP and JavaScript.
motivation
To better understand the BigPipe, we need to look at the existing dynamic Web services system, its history can be traced back to the early stages of the World Wide Web, but Compared with the early and now has not changed much. Modern websites are far higher than 10 years ago with the dynamic effects and interactions, but has long been a traditional web service system can not keep up with today internet speed. In the traditional model, the user request life cycle is as follows:
1. Browser sends an HTTP request to the Web server.
2. Web server parses the request, then reads the data storage layer, the development of an HTML file, and use it to send an HTTP response to the client.
3. HTTP response sent to the browser via the Internet.
4. The browser parses the Web server response, the use of HTML files to build a DOM tree, and download the referenced CSS and JavaScript files.
5. CSS resources to download, the browser resolve them and apply them to the DOM tree.
6. JavaScript resources to download, the browser parse and execute them.
traditional model of efficiency in the modern site is very low, because a lot of system operation sequence, can not overlap. Some, such as delay loading JavaScript, parallel downloads, network optimization techniques have been widely used in the community, in order to overcome some limitations. However, these optimizations are rarely involved in the Web server and browser bottleneck caused by the execution order. When the Web server is busy generating a page, the browser is idle, wasting their idle cycles. When the Web server, complete the build page and sent to the browser, the browser has become the performance bottleneck and the Web server to its no help. Time overlapping generation Web server and browser rendering time, we can not only reduce the final time delay, but also can show the user visible region earlier pages to the user, thus greatly reducing the user perceived latency.
Web server and browser have time to render the time overlap is particularly useful, such as content-rich sites like Facebook. A typical Facebook page contains information on many different data sources: friends list, friends dynamic advertising. Web presence in the traditional mode of these queries users will have to wait to go back and generate the final data file, and then send it to the user computer. Query delay any final document will slow down the entire generation.
BigPipe how it works
to make use of the Web server and browser parallelism between, BigPipe first broken down into multiple pages can be called Pagelets. As the assembly line microprocessor into a life-cycle instructions (such as “fetch”, “instruction decode”, “enforcement” and “write-back register”, etc.) more than one stage, BigPipe page generation process is divided into the following phases :
1. request resolution: Web server analysis and integrity checking of the HTTP request.
2. Data acquisition: Web server to get data from the storage layer.
3. tokenizer: Web server generates the response HTML tags.
4. network: response from the Web server to the browser.
5. CSS Download: Download web browser CSS requirements.
6. DOM tree and CSS: The browser DOM document structure tree, and then apply its CSS rules.
7. JavaScript in Download: Download web browser in JavaScript reference resources.
8. JavaScript implementation: the web browser to execute JavaScript code.
the first three phases, from a Web server, the last four stages are executed by the browser. Each Pagelet must order all of these stages, but BigPipe in different phases of several Pagelets simultaneously.
(Facebook home page Pagelets, each rectangle corresponds to a Pagelet.)
Facebook page using the above picture as an example to illustrate how the pages are broken down into Pagelets. The home page includes several Pagelets: “Author Pagelet”, “navigation Pagelet”, “news Pagelet”, “request box Pagelet”, “advertising pagelet”, “friend” and “Contact” and they are independent of each other. When the “Navigation Pagelet” displayed to the user, “News Pagelet” still being generated on the server.
in BigPipe, the life cycle of a user request is this: in the browser sends an HTTP request to the Web server. HTTP request is received, and some in the above comprehensive examination, the web server immediately sends back an HTML file is not closed, including a HTML
tags and labels began to label. Label includes BigPipe JavaScript library to parse Pagelet replies received. The label, there is a template that specifies the logical structure of the page and Pagelets placeholder. For example:
rendered after the first reaction to the client, Web server to generate one by one as long as a Pagelet Pagelets generation, he will be immediately flushed to the client in a JSON-encoded object, including all CSS, JavaScript, the pagelet, its HTML content, as well as some metadata required resources. For example:
the client receives Pagelet by” onPageletArrive “directives issued, BigPipe JavaScript library will be the first to download it the CSS resources; CSS resources are in the download is complete, BigPipe HTML tags will be displayed in Pagelet its innerHTML. The CSS can be multiple Pagelets download at the same time, they can download their CSS display to confirm the completion of the order. In BigPipe, JavaScript is lower than the priority of CSS resources and page content. Therefore, BigPipe will not be displayed until all Pagelets download any Pagelet in JavaScript. Then, all Pagelets the JavaScript asynchronous download. Finally Pagelet the JavaScript initialization code downloaded according to its own situation to determine the execution order. This highly parallel systems
The end result is that many Pageletsr the different stages of implementation at the same time. For example, the browser can be downloaded are three Pagelets
CSS resources, while another Pagelet content has been shown, at the same time, the server also generates a new Pagelet. From the user point of view, the page is presented step by step. The beginning of the display of web content will be faster, which reduces the delay of the user perception of the page. If you want your eyes to see the difference, you can try the following links:
traditional model and BigPipe. The first link is the traditional mode of single-mode display page. The second link is BigPipe pipeline mode page. If your browser version older, very slow speed, poor browser cache, which increases between what two different cut-off time will be more apparent.
performance test results
The figure is the traditional model and BigPipe performance data comparison chart, the data is 75% of the users of a page, the most important content (such as: News on Facebook is considered the most important elements on the home page) perceived delay. Data collection method is to load the Facebook page 50 times and disabling the browser cache. The figure shows BigPipe most browsers allow users to feel the delay was reduced by half.
(Facebook home page delay contrast)
It is worth mentioning that BigPipe lines from the microprocessor to be inspired. However, their are some differences between the pipeline process. For example, although most of the stage BigPipe can only operate once Pagelet, but sometimes multiple Pagelets CSS and JavaScript download, but can operate simultaneously, similar to superscalar microprocessor. BigPipe Another important difference is that we achieved from the introduction of parallel programming “obstacle” concept, all Pagelets to complete a particular phase, such as multiple Pagelet display area, they can download and execute further JavaScript.
on Facebook, we encourage creative thinking. We are constantly trying to innovate technologies to make our site faster.
author Jiangchang Hao is currently a research scientist at Facebook, he was working on a variety of innovations to make the site faster.
(translator also found several articles on BigPipe, if you are interested you can find under: Facebook innovation BigPipe: optimizing page load time, name of station technical analysis
– facebook page plus strange set technology, Facebook allows to double the speed of BigPipe site technical analysis, Facebooks
BigPipe Done in Java, Open
BigPipe javascript implementation, Tutorial:
Implementing Facebook BigPipe Using ASP.Net MVC, BigPipe
Done in Node.js)
